Artificial Intelligence (AI) Privacy and Security Research
The proliferation of artificial intelligence systems has intensified longstanding concerns about privacy and security while introducing entirely new categories of risk. AI models are typically trained on vast quantities of data, much of it scraped or aggregated without the explicit knowledge or consent of the individuals it describes, raising questions about surveillance, data ownership, and the erosion of personal autonomy in an increasingly automated information ecosystem. At the same time, AI systems themselves have become both targets and tools of security threats, such as adversarial manipulation, data poisoning, and model extraction, while also being weaponized to power more sophisticated phishing, disinformation, and social engineering attacks. Navigating these challenges requires attention both to technical safegauards as well as the policies, regulations, and practices that govern how AI systems collect, store, and act of personal information and institutional information.
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AI Privacy and Security Scholarly Resources
Akhtar, N., & Mian, A. (2018). Threat of adversarial attacks on deep learning in computer vision: A survey. IEEE Access, 6, 14410–14430.
Chen, S., Piet, J., Sitawarin, C., & Wagner, D. (2025). StruQ: Defending against prompt injection with structured queries. In 34th USENIX Security Symposium (pp. 2383–2400). USENIX.
Narayanan, A., & Shmatikov, V. (2008, May). Robust de-anonymization of large sparse datasets. In 2008 IEEE Symposium on Security and Privacy (pp. 111–125). IEEE.
Shayea, G. G., Zabil, M. H. M., Habeeb, M. A., Khaleel, Y. L., & Albahri, A. S. (2025). Strategies for protection against adversarial attacks in AI models: An in-depth review. Journal of Intelligent Systems, 34(1), 20240277.
Xing, W., Li, M., Li, M., & Han, M. (2026). Towards robust and secure embodied ai: A survey on vulnerabilities and attacks. ACM Computing Surveys, 58(12), 1-36.
Dilmaghani, S., Brust, M. R., Danoy, G., Cassagnes, N., Pecero, J., & Bouvry, P. (2019, December). Privacy and security of big data in AI systems: A research and standards perspective. In 2019 IEEE International Conference on Big Data (pp. 5737–5743). IEEE.
Martin, K. D., & Zimmermann, J. (2024). Artificial intelligence and its implications for data privacy. Current Opinion in Psychology, 58, Article 101829.
Samonas, S., & Coss, D. (2014). The CIA strikes back: Redefining confidentiality, integrity and availability in security. Journal of Information System Security, 10(3), 21–45.
Villegas-Ch, W., & García-Ortiz, J. (2023). Toward a comprehensive framework for ensuring security and privacy in artificial intelligence. Electronics, 12(18), Article 3786.
Wang, S., Zhang, Y., & Liang, Z. (2025). Artificial intelligence, privacy utility and perceived legitimacy: The nonlinear moderating effect of knowledge. Information, Communication & Society, 29(12), 3561–3579.
Chang, H.-C., Lund, B. D., Beuerlein, E., & Mote, C. (2024). Investigating the symbiotic relationship between artificial intelligence and blockchain to promote zero-trust cybersecurity in an evolving information ecosystem. Information Discovery and Delivery.
Kaur, R., Gabrijelčič, D., & Klobučar, T. (2023). Artificial intelligence for cybersecurity: Literature review and future research directions. Information Fusion, 97, Article 101804.
Sedjelmaci, H., Tourki, K., & Ansari, N. (2023). Enabling 6G security: The synergy of zero trust architecture and artificial intelligence. IEEE Network, 38(3), 171–177.
Tabassi, E. (2023). Artificial intelligence risk management framework (AI RMF 1.0). National Institute of Standards and Technology.
Allen, C. T. (2020). Finding the enemy on the data-swept battlefield of 2035. Military Review, 28, 28–37.
Bhuiyan, I., Ahmed, H., Hoque, A., & Bhuiyan, T. (2026). Trust, security, and nonlinear retention dynamics in FinTech neobanking: An explainable machine learning (XAI) approach. FinTech, 5(2), Article 53.
Jones, C. R., & Bergen, B. K. (2026). Large language models pass a standard three-party Turing test. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 123(21), Article e2524472123.
Morgan, S. (2020). Cybercrime to cost the world $10.5 trillion annually by 2025. Cybercrime Magazine.
Ray, S. (2023, May 2). Samsung bans ChatGPT among employees after sensitive code leak. Forbes.
AI Privacy and Security Research Guides
University of the Incarnate Word
The SALAMANDER project is funded through the generous support of the Institute of
Museum and Library Services, Grant Number RE-259543-OLS-26.
This resource guide was created by Dr. Brady Lund and graduate assistant Bryan Anderson.
Last Updated September 25, 2026.